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漢英句子翻譯技巧匯總講解
Title:
漢英翻譯技巧：合并(Combination)
Category: 本科三年級(jí)以上
Key words: combination, simple sentence, compound
sentence, C-E translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of combination
of simple and compound
sentences.
Compiler: 丁樹(shù)德等
C-E
(A) in terms of simple sentences
(1) 天氣寒冷，河水都結(jié)冰了。It was so cold that the river
froze. (丁樹(shù)德，"英漢漢英翻譯教學(xué)綜合指導(dǎo)"，大學(xué)出版社，1996)
(2) 理論必須密切聯(lián)系實(shí)際，這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記的一條原則。That theory must go
hand in hand with practice is a principle we should
always keep in mind.
（丁樹(shù)德，"英漢漢英翻譯教學(xué)綜合指導(dǎo)"，大學(xué)出版社，1996）
(3) 他在戰(zhàn)斗中表現(xiàn)突出，受到連長(zhǎng)的表?yè)P(yáng)。He was commended by the
company commander for his distinguished performance
in the battle. (丁樹(shù)德，"英漢漢英翻譯教學(xué)綜合指導(dǎo)"，大學(xué)出版社，1996)
(4) 年滿十八歲的公民，都有選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。All citizens who have
reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote
and to stand for election.
（丁樹(shù)德，"英漢漢英翻譯教學(xué)綜合指導(dǎo)"，大學(xué)出版社，1996）
(5) 當(dāng)時(shí)，友誼商店只對(duì)外賓開(kāi)放，不對(duì)中賓開(kāi)放。At the time the
friendship store was exclusively open to foreign
visitors.（王大偉，"現(xiàn)代漢英翻譯技巧"，世界圖書(shū)出版公司，1999） （本科四年級(jí)以上）
(B) in terms of compound sentences
(6) 她對(duì)自己所取得的成就充滿了自豪，這也不是沒(méi)有道理的。She is justifiably
proud of her achievements.
("現(xiàn)代漢英翻譯技巧" 王大偉 世界圖書(shū)出版公司 1999)
(7) 這家小工廠經(jīng)過(guò)技術(shù)改造，發(fā)展很快，使人感到驚訝不已。This small factory
underwent a technological renovation, thus
developing with surprising speed.
（王大偉，"現(xiàn)代漢英翻譯技巧"，世界圖書(shū)出版公司，1999） （本科四年級(jí)以上）
(8) 只要看一眼這封信，你就會(huì)明白你上當(dāng)了。A glance at this letter
will convince you that you have been taken in.
(朱巧蓮，"漢譯英之合譯法"，"上海科技翻譯"，2001, No. 1)
(9) 看門(mén)人驚呆了，喘著粗氣，搖搖晃晃地走下樓梯。The janitor staggered
down the stairway, stunned and gasping.
(朱巧蓮，"漢譯英之合譯法"，"上海科技翻譯"，2001, No. 1)
(10) 還是熱，心里可鎮(zhèn)定多了。涼風(fēng)，即使是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，給了人們?cè)S多希望。（老舍"駱駝祥子"）It
was still hot but everyone felt much better, for the
breeze, though slight, brought them
hope.（馮慶華編著，"英漢互譯實(shí)用翻譯教程"，上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，2000） （本科四年級(jí)以上）
Title:
漢英翻譯技巧：補(bǔ)償(Compensation)
Category: 本科三年級(jí)以上
Key words: compensation, culture, context,
background information, C-E translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of compensation
from the perspectives of culture,
context and background information.
Compiler: 《新時(shí)代漢英大詞典》等
C-E.
1. 九州 Jiuzhou -- a poetic name for China
-北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系《漢英詞典》組編，《漢英詞典》，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社。
2. 八股文 Eighth-part essay prescribed for the
imperial civil service examinations-- known for its
rigidity of form and poverty of ideas
-吳景榮，程鎮(zhèn)球主編，《新時(shí)代漢英大詞典》，商務(wù)印書(shū)館。
3. 狗咬呂洞賓,不識(shí)好人心 Like the dog that bit Lu
Tungpin--you bite the hand that feeds you.
-吳景榮，程鎮(zhèn)球主編，《新時(shí)代漢英大詞典》，商務(wù)印書(shū)館。
4. 貓哭老鼠--假慈悲 The cat weeping over the dead
mouse--shed crocodile tears.
-吳景榮，程鎮(zhèn)球主編，《新時(shí)代漢英大詞典》，商務(wù)印書(shū)館。
5. 蘇軾: Su Shi (formerly translated as Su Shih,
1037-1101),alias Su Dongpo, writer and calligrapher
of the Song Dynasty.
-吳景榮，程鎮(zhèn)球主編，《新時(shí)代漢英大詞典》，商務(wù)印書(shū)館。
6. 秀才 Xiucai, one who passed the imperial
examination at the county level in the Ming and Qing
Dynasties
-吳景榮，程鎮(zhèn)球主編，《新時(shí)代漢英大詞典》，商務(wù)印書(shū)館。
7. 牛郎織女 the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver-two
figures in ancient Chinese fairy tale (Later it also
refers to husband and wife who live far apart.)
-吳景榮，程鎮(zhèn)球主編，《新時(shí)代漢英大詞典》，商務(wù)印書(shū)館。
8. 藍(lán)田人 Lantian Man, ape-man of about 600,000
years ago whose fossil remains were found in
Lantian, Shanxi Province in 1964
-吳景榮，程鎮(zhèn)球主編，《新時(shí)代漢英大詞典》，商務(wù)印書(shū)館。
9. 開(kāi)綠燈 turn on the green light (provide
conveniences for certain affairs, so that they could
proceed smoothly)
-張震久，袁憲軍編，《漢英中國(guó)專有名稱和術(shù)語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)明詞典》，北京大學(xué)出版社。
10. 梅雨季節(jié) plum rain season (about 1-month rainy
season usu. beginning in early summer when plum
fruit becomes ripe in the middle and lower reaches
of the Yangtze River) or moldy season, a rainy
season when everything goes moldy easily in the said
area. (陳剛)
Title:
漢英翻譯技巧：分譯(division)
Category: 本科三年級(jí)以上
Key words: division, sentence, C-E translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of division
from the perspective of various kinds of
sentences.
C-E.
(1) 不久，她提著籃子回來(lái)了。Very soon she came back, holding a
basket in her hand.
（劉慎軍、李洪民、楊斌、劉寶編著，"按實(shí)例學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯"，北京工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社， 2001）
(2) 他拉過(guò)一把椅子放在客人背后。He drew up a chair and placed
it behind the visitor.
（劉慎軍、李洪民、楊斌、劉寶編著，"按實(shí)例學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯"，北京工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社， 2001）
(3) 周萍一個(gè)人從飯廳走上來(lái)，望望花園，冷清清的，沒(méi)有一人。Zhou Ping appears
from the dining room. He is alone. He peers out at
the garden. It is silent and
deserted.（宋天錫、袁江、袁冬娥編著，李鵬飛審校，"翻譯新概念英漢互譯實(shí)用教程"，國(guó)際工業(yè)出版社）
(4) 他哼著曲子從山上走下來(lái)。 He walked down the hill, singing
softly to
himself.（劉慎軍、李洪民、楊斌、劉寶編著，"按實(shí)例學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻?quot;，北京工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，
2001）
(5) 人民的覺(jué)悟是不容易的，要去掉人民頭腦中的錯(cuò)誤思想，需要我們做很多切切實(shí)實(shí)的工作。The
political awakening of the people is not easy. It
requires much earnest effort on our part to rid
their minds of wrong ideas. （"英漢翻譯手冊(cè)"）
(6) 我們的目的一定要達(dá)到，我們的目的一定能夠達(dá)到。Our goal must be
attained. Our goal will be
attained.（單其昌著，楊憲益校，"漢英翻譯技巧"，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，1999）
(7) 我們的革命已經(jīng)獲得全世界廣大人民的同情和歡呼，我們的朋友遍于全世界。Our
revolution has won the sympathy and acclaim of the
people of all countries. We have friends all over
the world. （單其昌著，楊憲益校，"漢英翻譯技巧"，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，1999）
(8)
我們恢復(fù)和采取這些貿(mào)易方式的原因很簡(jiǎn)單：我們出口商品就是為了我們國(guó)外客戶消費(fèi)方面的需要。The
reason why we have restored and adopted these trade
practices is very simple. Our export commodities are
for the use and consumption of our foreign
customers. （單其昌著，楊憲益校，"漢英翻譯技巧"，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，1999）
(9)
這次大會(huì)充分發(fā)揚(yáng)了民主，大家心情舒暢，生動(dòng)活潑；真正開(kāi)成了一個(gè)團(tuán)結(jié)的大會(huì)，勝利的大會(huì)。The
conference has given full expression to democracy;
the atmosphere has been lively and the delegates
have enjoyed ease of mind. Ours has indeed been a
congress of unity, a congress of victory.（鐘述孔著
《英漢翻譯手冊(cè)》 商務(wù)印書(shū)館 1980）
(10)
這些國(guó)家的共產(chǎn)黨和進(jìn)步黨派，正促使它們的政府和我們做生意，以致建立外交關(guān)系，這是善意的，這就是援助。
The Communist Parties and progressive groups in
these countries are urging their governments to
established trade and even diplomatic relations with
us. This is goodwill, this is help.（鐘述孔著 《英漢翻譯手冊(cè)》
商務(wù)印書(shū)館 1980）
Title:
漢英翻譯技巧：形合 (Hypotaxis)
Category: 本科三年級(jí)以上
Key words: hypotaxis, sentence structure, syntactic,
C-E translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of hypotaxis
from the perspective of syntactic subordination or
sentence structure.
Compiler: 楊莉藜、馮志杰等
C-E
1. 讓壁立的巖石，靜靜流著的小河，風(fēng)過(guò)處便竊竊私語(yǔ)的樹(shù)林，都作為自己的親密鄰居。
All the company she had were the steep cliffs, the
gently flowing stream, and the trees that whispered
in the wind. (楊莉藜<英漢互譯教程>河南大學(xué)出版社)
2.
漢朝人在宮殿和墓前的石室里，多喜歡繪畫(huà)或雕刻古來(lái)的帝王、孔子的弟子、列士、列女、孝子之類的圖。
People of the Han Dynasty liked to have paintings or
caved relief of rulers of old, disciples of
Confucius, eminent scholars and ladies and filial
sons in the palaces or the stone chambers before
their tombs. (楊莉藜<英漢互譯教程>河南大學(xué)出版社)
3. 不必說(shuō)碧綠的菜畦，光滑的石井欄，高大的皂莢樹(shù)，紫紅的桑椹……
I need not speak of the green vegetable plots, the
slippery stone coping round the well, the tall honey
locust tree, or the purple mulberries.
(楊莉藜<英漢互譯教程>河南大學(xué)出版社)
4. 盡著他的腿的力量走了一天，問(wèn)了一天，沒(méi)有消息。
As long as his legs would move he walked on, asking,
but by the end of the day he still had no news.
(楊莉藜<英漢互譯教程>河南大學(xué)出版社)
5.
七股大水，從水庫(kù)的橋孔躍出，仿佛七幅閃光黃錦，直鋪下去，碰著嶙峋的亂石，激起一片雪白水珠，脫線一般，撒在洄漩的水面。
Seven torrents were rushing through the archways of
the bridge like seven glittering rolls of cloth of
gold cascading on to the jagged rocks below and
scattering snow-white bubbles like a string of
broken beads on the swirling water.
(<中國(guó)現(xiàn)代散文卷>外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，中國(guó)文學(xué)出版社)
6.
月光如流水一般，靜靜地瀉在這一片葉子和花上。薄薄的青霧浮起在荷塘里，葉子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗過(guò)一樣；又像籠著輕紗的夢(mèng)
Moonlight cascaded like water over the locus leaves
and flowers, and a light blue mist floating up from
the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in
a gauzy dream. 。(<中國(guó)現(xiàn)代散文卷>外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，中國(guó)文學(xué)出版社)
7.
另一方面，必須用上述材料進(jìn)行廣泛宣傳，使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到，自然保護(hù)區(qū)是保護(hù)自然及文化遺產(chǎn)的基本單位，它們是在人類進(jìn)步里程中長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)中形成的，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)有著重要的作用。
On the other hand, it is necessary to carry on the
extensive publicity, enabling the public to know
that the protected areas are the basic unit of the
management of the natural and cultural heritages
which are formed in the struggle process against the
nature by human beings and will play an important
role in the economic construction.
(馮志杰<漢英科技翻譯指要>中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司)
8.
為保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境，促進(jìn)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，必須提高對(duì)海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)的認(rèn)識(shí)，增加投入，加強(qiáng)"熱點(diǎn)"海域的監(jiān)測(cè)，減少海洋的損失，加強(qiáng)海洋生物監(jiān)測(cè)，避免潛伏的海洋災(zāi)害發(fā)生。
In order to promote the development of sustainable
marine economy and conserve marine environment, we
should pay great attention to reinforcing awareness
of marine environmental monitoring, increasing
investment and strengthening the monitoring in "hot
spots" as well as biological monitoring to avoid
marine calamity. (馮志杰<漢英科技翻譯指要>中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司)
9.
飯菜雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但別有一番風(fēng)味，屋外一團(tuán)漆黑，穿過(guò)松林的風(fēng)發(fā)出如火車的轟鳴聲，我們?cè)趽u曳不定的煤油燈下豪情與老人干杯。
When we enjoyed the simple but tasty food and drank
cheerful toasts with the old man under the
flickering oil-lamp, darkness reigned the outside
world where the wind was thundering through the
pinewood like a train. (<中國(guó)現(xiàn)代散文卷>外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，中國(guó)文學(xué)出版社)
10. 仍像往常一樣，把晴美的陽(yáng)光抹上滿峽的樹(shù)林，叫帶露的樹(shù)葉都亮得耀人的眼睛。
Just as on any other day, the morning sun spread its
fine light over the wooded valley, till the dewy
leaves and grass glistened with a dazzling
brightness. (<中國(guó)現(xiàn)代散文卷>外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，中國(guó)文學(xué)出版社)
Title:
漢英翻譯技巧：音譯(transliteration)
Category: 本科三年級(jí)以上
Key words: transliteration, proper name, special
noun, C-E translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of
transliteration in translating proper names and some
other special nouns.
Compiler:《中國(guó)翻譯》等
CE
(注：這部分中，完全按照漢語(yǔ)拼音音譯的詞即為"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)漢音"，而按廣東話音譯的詞也可作為回譯中EC部分的例子）
1. 胡同：hutong (" Beijing Weekend ", No.520)
2. 餃子：jiaozi （《音義兼譯--外來(lái)語(yǔ)中譯之首選》，《中國(guó)翻譯》，2001/6）
3. 武術(shù)：wushu （同上）
4. 普通話：putonghua （同上）
5. 旗袍：qipao （同上）
6. 上海： Shanghai
（以上6例皆可作為"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)漢音"的例子。）
7. 豆腐：tofu （《音義兼譯--外來(lái)語(yǔ)中譯之首選》，《中國(guó)翻譯》，2001/6
或p.25,《詞語(yǔ)翻譯叢談》，中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司）/dou-fu
(p.25,《詞語(yǔ)翻譯叢談》，中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司)
8. 功夫： gongfu （《音義兼譯--外來(lái)語(yǔ)中譯之首選》，《中國(guó)翻譯》，2001/6）
9. 乒乓：ping-pong （同上）
10.炒面：chow mien （同上）
(以上例8-10也可作為回譯EC部分的例子)
Title:
漢英翻譯技巧：習(xí)語(yǔ)(Translation of Idioms)
Category: 本科三、四年級(jí)
Key words: idiom, cases, C-E translation
Abstract: It discusses the technique of translating
idioms in various cases.
Compiler: 張培基、呂瑞昌、郭著章等
C-E
直譯
(1) 男男女女都七嘴八舌地說(shuō)出他們的惦記和盼念。 With seven mouths and
eight tongues, all were talking together. They tried
to tell how they had missed him. （張培基 習(xí)語(yǔ)漢譯英研究）
(2) 亡羊補(bǔ)牢 to mend the fold after a sheep is lost
（同上）
直譯加注
司馬昭之心，已是路人皆知。 This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to
every man in the street.
(3) (Sima zhao was a prime minister of
Wei(220-265)who nursed a secret ambition to usurp
the throne. The emperor once remarked: "Sima Zhao's
intention is obvious to every man in the street."
（呂瑞昌等 漢英翻譯教程）
(4) 你說(shuō)這話，意思是要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)上三請(qǐng)諸葛？
What you say implies that the leadership should ask
you three times, like Zhuge Liang, doesn't it?
(Zhuge Liang, a statesman and strategist in the
State of Shu during the period of wisdom and
resourcefulness in Chinese folklore. )
（張培基 習(xí)語(yǔ)漢譯英研究）
同義習(xí)語(yǔ)套用
(5) 晴天霹靂 a bolt from the blue (同上)
(6) 只有破釜沉舟地跟他們拼，還許有翻身的一天。
All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them
in the hope that one day you'll come out on top.
（同上）
意譯
(7) 我要有個(gè)三長(zhǎng)兩短，你給玉山捎個(gè)話！
If anything should happen to me , let Yushan know!
(呂瑞昌等 漢英翻譯教程)
(8) 大智若愚 A truly wise person does not show off
his (her) ability. （ 張培基 習(xí)語(yǔ)漢譯英研究）
直譯加意譯
(9) 瞎子點(diǎn)燈白費(fèi)蠟 as useless as a blind man lighting a
candle (張培基 習(xí)語(yǔ)漢譯英研究)
(10) 梅她一個(gè)單身人，無(wú)親無(wú)故。
Mei was all by herself and far from home, without a
single relative or friend to help her.
（呂瑞昌等 漢英翻譯教程）
臨時(shí)變體
(11) 換湯不換藥 （張培基 習(xí)語(yǔ)漢譯英研究）
old wine in new bottles ( 原有習(xí)語(yǔ)為 new wine in old
bottles)
(12) 守株待兔 （同上）
to wait for gains without pains ( 原有習(xí)語(yǔ)為 No pains, no
gains )
省略
(13) 這女子真有沉魚(yú)落雁之容，閉月羞花之貌。 （張培基 習(xí)語(yǔ)漢譯英研究）
The girl's beauty would put the flowers to shame.
(14) 冷淡的陽(yáng)關(guān)照著他們的愁眉苦臉和長(zhǎng)發(fā)白眼。 （呂瑞昌等 漢譯英教程）
The cold, pale sunlight fell on their gloomy faces,
long hair and lusterless eyes.
增添
(15) 螳螂捕蟬，黃雀在后 (張培基 習(xí)語(yǔ)漢譯英研究)
The mantis stalks the cicada, unaware of the oriole
lurking behind itself.
(16) 樹(shù)倒猢猻散 （同上）
Once the tree falls, the monkeys on it will flee
helter-skelter.
混喻的回避
(17) 讓我們乘風(fēng)破浪，奮勇前進(jìn)。 （同上）
Let us march forward valiantly, braving all
difficulties and hardships!
(如果直譯成Let us march forward valiantly, braving winds
and waves 之類的句子，其中就出現(xiàn)了march和 waves
的混喻問(wèn)題。解決的辦法是1，"乘風(fēng)破浪"和"奮勇前進(jìn)"在意義上本是相互重復(fù)，加以"乘風(fēng)破浪"這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)由于使用過(guò)多實(shí)際上以不存在什么形象性，英譯時(shí)可略成Let
us march forward valiantly! 2, 意譯法處理習(xí)語(yǔ)"乘風(fēng)破浪"，成Let us
march forward valiantly, braving all difficulties
and hardships!)
粗俗語(yǔ)的回避
借用同義習(xí)語(yǔ)或意譯等方法回避。
(18) 她不滿意人家說(shuō)她是三槍打不出一個(gè)悶屁的落后的人。（同上）
It annoyed her that people should say that she was
backward and that no amount of coaxing would open
her mouth to speak.
相對(duì)應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)粗俗語(yǔ)來(lái)代替原文中的漢語(yǔ)粗俗語(yǔ)。
(19) 混蛋！再打一個(gè)電話去！叫他馬上來(lái)見(jiàn)我！（同上）
"You blasted idiots! Go and ring him up again and
tell him to come round at once!"
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